Looking for Those Cures

Erase Alzheimer's in three short weeks! Then it wants you to stay on the page! It's a money scam you can bet. I didn't stay on that page because I smelled a rat.

Elaine Pereira is much more realistic. Alzheimer's can be in the brain ten years before it starts to appear she writes HERE.  

Alzheimer’s is a real, fatal, progressive disease with no treatments. It is not just a quirky personality change. 

Because of how the disease affects the individual’s brain, their personality is affected usually causing adverse changes. Hostility, paranoia, suspicion are frequent first indications in otherwise kind individuals.

Elaine has a book about her mother's illness as pictured and it can be ordered at Amazon. We caregivers are all writing and blogging about this disease.

I used to write here about coconut oil which I gave my husband consistently. Coconut oil did not cure my husband. I tried! However the Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Center was doing a study. They sort of dismissed us when I told them we were using it. It certainly didn't hurt my husband and it does have medical benefits. I think that coconut oil calmed him down. Dr. Mary Newport who wrote the best seller even acknowledges that it isn't curing her husband Steve. She now works for hospice.

Marijuana will not be the cure I bet. Marijuana is being studied by the Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's center.

Those medicines we give our loved ones (Nameda, Exelon, Aricept) may prolong the illness, but not stop it. My husband took Nameda and Exelon almost until the end. When Hospice came to our home, we stopped them because they helped me see he was in his last stage where it wouldn't help. See this study.

In my husband's case, his Mixed Dementia caught up with us. Stable for so long the Vascular Dementia 
took over and he quickly went downhill. Had he just had Alzheimer's he might have lived longer. 

His Yoke Is Easy

Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light. 

Matthew 11:28-30

Christ's words are over my kitchen sink. I look at them often.

Many of the posts on this blog have been downright silly and humorous, but it is time for the rubber to meet the road with the serious days of dementia and caregiving and Hospice in our home ahead of me.

Okay, maybe a little humor--just maybe--as with the Hospice nurse below.

Hallucinations. Our Hospice nurse visits once a week--twice so far. I think her outfit is overkill, and she probably scared my husband who later talked about people in the house. I am not sure if people in the house represents his hallucination or not or if it is our nurse, but she could go Trick-or- Treating on Halloween in this outfit. She looked adorable in it.

Kenny and I had a conversation with DH Friday afternoon after I came home from substituting on March 23 and Kenny had been watching him.  Kenny and I assured my husband that the only people in the house were his wife Carol, buddy Kenny and our dog Ziggy. He seemed relieved that those "others" were gone.

Getting hubby to bed. Thursday, March 22, I could not get hubby in bed from that Geri Chair and it was 10:30 pm, w a a a a a a y past our ritual goal of an 8 pm bedtime. I finally got up the nerve to ask two neighbors to lift hubby to bed. Kevin and Angel were glad to do that.

The next day, March 23, the plan to get hubby to bed was that hubby would be in his wheel chair which seemed more manageable. The Hospice Home Health Care Aide had put hubby in the Geri Chair that morning and Kenny got him in the wheel chair. Even so it took time to get hubby to bed. I thought of the verse and how this disease is teaching me to slow down. We both as a couple did it with hubby getting off of the wheel chair, sitting on the bed and managing the scooting over on the Hospice bed. Then I put my left arm around in back of his shouders and with my right arm scooped up his skinny legs and lifted them in the bed as I had seen the Home Health Aide do it.

NO to food.  Alzheimer's patients eventually say NO because it's the simplest thing for them to say I have read. NO to food, if you can imagine it. No to pills. But if you leave things out for them to eat, it helps. Our nurse said that if you force-feed them the food can go into their lungs. Of course I don't want that to happen. I had an idea. I had Pretzel Chips and dark chocolate chips and I put them in a small oval plate for his lap.

Oval Snack Plate

He had a choice of what to eat. He ate the chocolate chips!

Pill problem. Now pills crushed in applesauce and pills crushed in yogurt aren't working. Lately I just have given him essential pills to swallow with water. Friday morning he did it for Kenny. Friday night I put the pills in his hands and it took a while, but he did swallow the essential pills I gave him.

Tears. Hubby started to cry Friday night. I asked what was the problem and he said he couldn't see. I didn't know how to respond, but was just empathetic.

Wetting the bed. I asked him how he was yesterday morning and he said wet. Five days Hospice takes care of this. Saturday and Sunday I do. Unlike the last post it is too hard to get him to the bathroom now --I am resigned to have him just wet or poop wherever. HIS BURDEN AND YOKE IS LIGHT. I have used that verse to do these tasks cheerfully.

A wet hubby sleeping in with dog Ziggy

Gone again.  Saturday I was contracted to teach a class for first-time drivers. A man from our church came over to be with hubby who had no trouble recognizing him. Hubby enjoyed his Geri Chair.  This time the pretzels, dark chocolate chips and Boost on the Geri tray didn't work well, but hubby did drink other liquids. When I came home I gave him ice cream and froze the Boost for another time. He was coached into getting into the wheel chair and and later I was able to get him into bed well before 10:30 pm as the previous night.

A new kind of Sunday.  I was not able to go to church today, because really someone needs to be home with my hubby. Since our church meets in the afternoon at 2 pm. I might be able to enlist volunteers to come on Sundays. When Kenny is back in town, he also goes to our church so he cannot be the person to watch hubby then. For several days Kenny will be housesitting for a couple who were married yesterday.

Cognitive skills. Because hubby has Vascular Dementia, the Byrd Alzheimer's Institute said,  he will always remember me and most others. Hubby said this morning that women should not have keys. So I gave him his keys, which might give him a symbolic sense of control. I had him put it in his pocket. We actually have simple conversations centered around the procedures for doing things, the layout of the house, our dog and that we love each other. He has even expressed that people pay no attention to the old folks such as himself. The other day Kenny asked him who the President was and what day it was and hubby indicated that he didn't care to know.

I am exhausted, even when I do get sleep.  But I remember that verse of our LORD and often look at that verse over my kitchen sink.

Thanks so much for your thoughts 

and prayers, folks. 

Carol

Cures for Dementia?

Picture from Find Home Remedy link noted

Are you kidding? 
See HERE.

Find Home Remedy - The World's Largest Home Health Remedy Blog keeps spitting out cures.  Several a day. Dementia cures are written by Reubenna--do not know who this person is, but click on her name and she has written other cures as well for this site. With all the ads on this site Reubenna might be an ad writer. Who are you, Reubenna? 

Expert Reubenna writes: Although proper medication along with therapy is the way to cure this, there are certain natural ways with the help of which dementia can be tackled. 

Reubenna, what would that proper medication be? What would that therapy be?

Reubenna lists these eleven home remedies:

1. Give them warmth
2. Familiar environment
3. Healthy diet
4. Antioxidants
5. Vitamin E
6. Omega 3
7. Ginkgo
8. Salvia
9. Aromatherapy
10. Pet therapy
11. Message 

I can say that coconut oil and turmeric does help. My husband gets both, but he is still going downhill maybe because of his Vascular Dementia which could have been avoided. He also has Alzheimer's which I do not think has a cure once one has it. But coconut oil helps his brain fog and turmeric reduces brain swelling. The Byrd Institute in Tampa, where my husband was diagnosed with mixed dementia, is currently conducting research on coconut oil. 

Can we predict dementia early? Peanut butter can help. Google that. Also check out this infographic HERE for what might predict Alzheimer's. It says at the top of thin infographic that it is in partnership with the Alzheimer's Association. 

I pinned the Reubenna's dementia cure post on my scam board on Pinterest and am going to try to put this post as a comment for Reubenna to read. 

Coconut Oil Revisited

Take time to view  Tradition of Tropical Traditions Coconut Oil video. These are the people I buy our coconut oil from and their video is informative. Loving Your Guts blog is giving away expensive coconut oil here. Go there soon to enter. I also have a link to Tropical Traditions at the bottom right of this blog.

Here is a research link from Dr. Mary Newport, where I first got this information. Happy Birthday, Dr. Newport--today is her birthday!

Use Wih Oatmeal, Stews, Casseroles

If there is something I can put coconut oil in, I usually do. My adaptation for coconut oil toasted cheese sandwiches on this blog has had many hits as has Mary Newport's information. .

My Station Where I Put Make Coconut Fudge

Most often now, however, I just make coconut oil fudge from Dr. Newport's book. This fudge is my husband's "go to" food for breakfast and for lunch. I give him two cubes at each meal. Sometimes he gets some with his ice cream at night as well. It is half dark chocolate chips (dark chocolate is an antioxidant) and Tropical Traditions Gold Label Virgin Coconut Oil. After melting together equal amounts of the two ingredients in the microwave, I mash with a potato masher and put in ice cube trays. Once frozen, I pop out the cubes and store in the refrigerator. I have a "station" (concept from The House That Cleans Itself)  for making it in my kitchen.

This oil calms my husband and perhaps slows down the Alzheimer's. It is controversial, but finally Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Center is doing research on it. When this center first diagnoised my husband, they smiled at my use of it--like I am crazy. Now they are doing a research study. Yes, my husband is slowly going downhill, but maybe not as much as you would expect.

Coconut oil has all kinds of benefits, not just for Alzheimer's patients. It apparently is an antibiotic. My copy of The Coconut Oil Miracle is loaned out and for good reason.

What I'm Learning About Senior Health, Part Three

Workshop. Sally and I went to workshop at the USF Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Institute on August 30th. DH and Jake spend the day at our home. Dr. Kristin Fargher, Assistant Medical Director at the Institute, gave an excellent overview called "Understanding Alzheimer's Disease and Progress in Treatment". 

This session was followed by Jill Ardila's presentation on "Clinical Trials: One Step Closer to a Cure." Sally has been having trouble sleeping lately and she has just joined a caregiver study now on the sleep of a caregiver that Jill Ardila mentioned. Jill also mentioned that current research for AD patients includes Resveratrol and coconut oil! When hubby was officially diagnosed with Mixed Dementia at Byrd Alzheimer's Institute two years ago see here, they were not impressed with the coconut oil I had been giving him. I just read that post again and realize that hubby really is doing so well in the past two years and so am I with the LORD's help. Now the Institute researchers have met Dr. Newport (whose interview video is one od the most viewed post on this blog) and are actually conducting research on it!  So glad DH has been on coconut oil for three years. He does get it with his coconut oil fudge for two meals. Perhaps he doesn't have enough every day, and maybe I can give him more by cooking with it most days. 

After a wonderful lunch, Eileen Poiley the Institute's Director of Education talked on "Strategies for Managing Behaviors and Communicating with a person with Alzheimer's". Her tips deserve a whole new post which will follow at some point. 

Off-hand Comments at the Workshop. I heard that Resvereatrol (has ingredient in dark chocolate) is at Sams Club and will look into that. One of the participants informally during a break talked about people in India cooking with turmeric and curumin and not having as much dementia. Hubby does get this every day with a Vitacost pill and whenever I can cook with it.

Scam? A series of studies have come out that says that aging is a result of oxidated stress where free radicals destroy some of the cells. Joe McCord and others have "discovered" that the taking of one pill of Protandim can help us not age, or return our T bars to a lower level. That video is here. Two of the ingredients in this pill my husband already takes--green tea and tumeric. He also has cinnamon on his applesauce he gets in the morning and often on a sweet potato. However the case is out on Protandim and if you Google it you see what ingredients are in it and that it might be a scam, or at least a scam in its marketing. I wonder if it was "the one thing" that was in the post here--a most popular post to date on this blog--the one thing that I never listened to because of the marketing approach.

Teeth. Got to floss, folks. Plaque can get into the blood stream through the teeth.  Never connected heart health and teeth before. Actually have been going to a really good dentist for almost two years now when we got on Preferred Care. Flossing is hard for my wrists since I have carpal tunnel symptoms again, but got to do it.

Shingles. You can get a shingles shot at Walmart in our area this week. Hubby got shingles after he was first diagnosed with dementia soon after I started this blog almost four years ago. Preferred Care will not cover this shot for me, but I am considering paying for it because of the stress of caregiving and over a year ago my doctor said seniors should get this shot.

MSM. I am taking MSM for my carpal tunnel as I did years ago. My doctor approved. Also I am wearing my braces at night and during the day some.  I also need a hearing test.

Aluminium Deodorants. Can people avoid Alzheimer's by avoiding certain deodorants? See here. While it may be a good idea to not use aluminum in cooking, we do not know that we have to avoid it in deodorants unlike that site implies. Nobody else on Google is saying that aluminum in deodorants causes Alzheimer's, in fact it is called a myth if you google it. This site sums it up:

It is interesting that the Aluminum/Alzheimer's connection continues to persist for many people, even though in the 1960's and 1970's after it was first suspected and researched extensively, no connection has ever been found. There is still no known cause of Alzheimer's, but a few things that are believed to help prevent it are: eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in fat and cholesterol, staying mentally active and learning new things, and exercising regularly.

I have been thinking about neurotransmitters recently, you know, Seretonon, GABA, Dopamine and Acetycholine and how we get them from healthy eating--those superfoods. Those neurotransmitters connect the neurons that my husband is losing slowly I guess. If we are deficient in neurotransmitters certain conditions can happen--low energy, brain fog, anxiety. Also, friends are on the GAPS, Paleo and/or no gluten diets and seeing significant benefits for their families.

I am dieting with Weight Watchers which also emphasizes healthy eating, not just weight loss. My weight loss is slow, but, I feel great and am fitting into clothes I used to wear.

Diet, what we eat, is not just losing weight. Good eating habits are important for us seniors and our Alzheimer's loved ones, who sometimes think they can live on ice cream!

Time Magazine on Alzheimer's

The October 25, 2010 issue of Time. The picture on the cover shows the visible deterioration of the mind. Alice Park writes in the lead article, "Hope in Darkness", the following:

• Alzheimer's disease is  "the degenerative brain condition that is not content to kill its victims without first snuffing out their essence."
• Research funds are lacking. Dr. Ronald Peterson of May Clinic is quoted:

We spend $5.6 billion a year funding cancer studies, $1 billion a year for heart disease . . . and $500 million to study Alzheimer's. Yet what is going to get most of us in the next few years is Alzheimer's.

• Park says about the new research, "Who in his right mind would want to know he had a disease that would inevitably rob him of that mind?" Yet Park writes: "Experts are now convinced that it's crucial to treat Alzheimer's patients as early as possible, perhaps even before they show signs of memory loss or cognitive decline, rather than attempt to improve a brain already scourged by the disease."
• Brain scans now are better. Amyloid patterns can be detected that previously only could be confirmed in autopsies. Perhaps this is why the USF Byrd Institute could make my husband's diagnosis recently.
• Park concludes "living robustly and well is one of the best weapons we have against the disease--at least until science's heavier artillery is finally ready to be wheeled into place."

Patti Davis writes also in this Time issue that we have to learn the lesson of acceptance rather than asking why. She points out that "men tend to back away in discomfort. Woman, on the other hand, inhabit the experience fully, with its sorrows, its calm stretches, its dramatic explosions and even its humorous moments." Yes, Patti, that describes this blog. Also I know of fewer men than women who blog about the experience also.

The last essay in Time is written by Nancy Gibbs. She points out that "Medicare does not cover basic long-term care, and you have to burn through your savings to qualify for Medicaid." For people still working you can sign up for care in January with the new health care bill and be vested after five years--at only $50 a day--totally inadequate. There is nothing that can be done for us senior citizens in that new bill it appears.  

Meanwhile, as I finished reading Time,  an e-mail came in. Heavy smoking appears to be a factor in Alzheimer's and dementia according to a report from the Alzheimer's Reading Room. Post on Heavy Smoking.  A link to that reading room where you can subscribe or read regularly is on the right of this blog.

Long-Awaited Diagnosis: A Mixed Dementia Diagnosis

THIS IS POST NUMBER 100 ON THIS BLOG BEGUN DECEMBER OF 2008 WHEN MY HUSBAND WAS FIRST DIAGONOISED WITH DEMENTIA! Actually it is the 100th started--I have drafts that I haven't posted yet. Today we expect to find out what kind of dementia he has--that neurological appointment that we needed beyond the primary care doctor's 30 question diagnosis in December of 2008. Lord, go with us, as you have in the past.

6:30 AM We are up after a good night's sleep. Coffee. Anticipation. I can feel prayers of family and friends.

10:00 AM is the appointment.  DH drives to the appointment--maybe his last time driving.

Assistant Director, Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, Nancy Teten, presented Dr. Ashok Raj's evaluation of husband's memory loss. She confirmed Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's, A Mixed Dementia.
Dr. Raj wrote: "There is severe atrophy of the hippocampal complexes and of the amygdala bilaterally, strongly supportive of a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease."

He continues: "Vascular: There is absence of flow in the right cavernous carotid artery, indicating probably obstruction upstream somewhere in the neck. The cirle of Willis, however, appears be completely patent and the right middle and anterior cerebral arteries fill via a patent anterior communicating artery and a right posterior communicating artery. The remaining intracranial carotid arteries and the vertebral basilar system show signal void and are patent."

Nancy told my husband that until he takes a driving test at the Mortan Plant Mease Madonna Ptak Center for Alzheimer's and Memory Loss in Clearwater, he is not to drive. Dr. Raj will send them a prescription and I will call to make the appointment. If he were in an accident, an attorney might sue us for our home with his medical records. I was so impressed with Nancy's warmth and professionalism.

I then drove to lunch at Sweet Tomatoes where I had a coupon, but where he complained "Where's the beef?" I found some in the chilli soup for him.  Then I drove to Sam's where he bought a DVD and I got a few other supplies. I might fight his getting a DVD because of finances, but he just had had driving taken away from him.

He doesn't remember much of the morning, but I want to cry. He is watching his new DVD now. With Vascular Dementia he will always remember me, but with the Alzheimer's part he may not. Nancy said she was surprised that he still dresses himself, but owes that to his taking Exelon and Namenda since December of 2008. She was surprised that he is not exhibiting signs of depression. Nancy is looking at financial help for our medicines because the best place for DH to live is our home and we don't want to mortgage our home because of his expensive medicines (or lose our home due to an accident). He will have a yearly assessment at the USF Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and may or may not get it a research study. His past heart problems may keep him out of a study, Nancy said.

Another Tampa Date

FlyLady talks about husbands as "DH". This morning DH had another MRI to compare with the MRI he had in Lakeland December 2008. I did not sleep well last night, but wonderfully there was no problem getting him to go to this appointment and he drove with the use of his GNS. His MRI was at the University Diagnostic Institute on USF's campus just south of the Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Institute. We had a little time to kill until our next appointment and we went to a bookstore where DH got two DVDs and I got Phillip Gulley's Home Town Tales.

We walked up that same winding path as we did on Tuesday. At 11:30 we met with 30 others for a tour* of the Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Institute. Built two years ago this six story building is the largest Alzheimer's research facility in the world.

The 32 of us divided into two groups. We first toured the diagnostic part on the first floor where a team of psychiatrists, neurologists, gerontologists and neuropsychologist have their offices.

The tour groups traded floors and we saw the research part on the third and fourth floors. An open floor plan allows for a cross-pollination of ideas. The basement houses 5000 mice for the research, but we were not allowed to see that--we might infect the mice! The fifth and sixth floors are for further expansion.

Back to the ground floor we were treated to lunch and an LCD slide presentation and talk by Dr. David Morgan, Byrd's CEO. Here are part of my notes:

• Early Onset Alzheimer's is inherited, but not the later stages. So DH's adult children do not have to worry they will inherit this disease.
• 10% of the population over age 65 has dementia. 40% of the population over 85 has dementia.
• West Virginia has the highest per cent of dementia in the states because the young people have left that state for jobs elsewhere.
• In Florida there is $12 billion in health care costs for dementia per year.
• The Amyloid Hypothesis was developed around 1990. Mice are being give anti-amyloid vaccines and with success.
• The Tau Filaments Tangle Hypothesis came around 2000.
• RN1219 reduces plaque and improved cognitive function.
• While most of dementia is Alzheimer's, by a process of elimination Byrd is able to find out if DH has a reversible dementia or a problem of another nature. This is what we will find out on September 7th.
• Bryd also does research studies with caregivers.
• PET neuroimaging can detect who has amyloid prior to the onset of symptoms. Would people want to know?

• Dr. Morgan said we are on the verge of preventing dementia by discovering who is at risk.
• Aluminum is not a significant cause of Alzheimer's.
• Axona is a prescription that one can get and this can help. I will look into this.
• Dementia happens at a later stage of Parkinson's disease.
• I asked about coconut oil and MCT and research is being done on these--but he wouldn't say much. He has met Dr. Mary Newport.

Do not hesitate to take this tour (see dates below). It was incredible to me that DH and I did this tour together. He has asked me tonight about what we did today and I said we were at an exciting research institute that will be diagnosing his dementia. Furthermore he may be able to get in a research study.

Thank you, Lord, that I felt so free at last!  Today DH and I actually communicated about his dementia! Maybe I can get some rest tonight! 

*The next tours are Sept. 21, Oct. 26, Nov. 18 and Dec. 14th. Contact Holly Lisle at hlisle@health.usf.edu.

Also, November 16th you can sign up for a free 30 minute memory evaluation by calling 813-974-1294.

Tampa Date

By this time I am an old hat at getting my husband to go to the doctors. Prepare him the day before, and the day before that, and the day of the appointment remind him in the morning, making sure he has time to get ready. This time it is a memory assessment--I didn't use that Alzheimer's word. He drove us to his 10 am appointment with Assistant Director Nancy. We walked up the winding path to the building and he did not see USF Johnny Byrd Alzheimer's Institute on the face of the six-story building on East Fletcher Avenue. He signed some forms. See his back--doesn't it remind you of my birthday card below (6/26)!

The entire appointment was actually fun. My husband felt that us two ladies were ganging up on him. I told Nancy stories of things he had lost and forgotten and the problem he has with thinking I don't wash clothes but brought them back to our bedroom unlaundered. Nancy heard the Full Moon story below (7/26) and the three of us laughed about it.

"Nancy, he thinks the clicker to his car door also opens the garage door."

"Does he help around the house?  Does he still drive?"  "Yes" to both I answered.

"Who makes sure he gets his medicine? Who cooks? Who takes care of the finances?" "I do" I told her.

She asked him lots of questions and he was comfortable answering or not answering them. Then I left the room and she gave him a more thorough test than the 30 question test he had been given in his doctor's office.

When his private interview was completed, I returned and she gave a preliminary assessment that his word fluency and word finding were somewhat lacking. He has difficulty with time and date (even though he has a watch which tells him the answers), and new learning is more difficult. All of what she said I could vouch for.

Next she said she would get his B12 reading if his primary care physician recently took that. If not, she gave me a script for it.  She would order his MRI from December 2008. The B12 reading is because B12 deficiency is the one easy-to-cure kind of dementia. Thursday morning he will have another MRI at USF's University Diagnostic Institute to compare with the December 2008 MRI. The final dementia diagnosis will be September 7th. At that time they will see if he fits into a research study. Then we will know if it is probably Alzheimer's or not.

We went to lunch at Panera Bread not far from the USF campus. My hubby always has me order his food these days. I ordered 1/2 beef sandwich and a salad for him (he had been so deserving of beef that I did not try to sneak a Mediterranean meal in on him). We drove by Busch Gardens and he remarked that we need to save money so we can go there or go to an Orlando attraction. Noted--embrace the moment while we can.

We went on other errands including visiting my father-in-law's grave in Tampa. I reflected today that my husband likes to watch WW II movies because his dad was in that war as you see on his grave marker.

Sunday at church my friend Sherry who works with an attorney bought us our wills which were witnessed after the worship service, notarized and signed. Another couple did theirs at the same time. Usually we don't do "work" on the Sabbath, but this was a wonderful gesture that saved us $500. I now have Non-Springing Durable Power of Attorney for my husband; later on if I had to get guardianship it would be at least $6000 with a yearly fee of maybe $1500 from then on.  All of this is unnecessary since now I have Durable Power of Attorney. I am also his Health Care Surrogate with my husband's son as the alternate and other alternates in the various other documents. We are making copies of our Living Wills for our automobiles in case of an accident. Other documents with their blue backs are going in the safe.

I got the silver alert phone number today on a refrigerator magnet. It is 877-404-SILVER or 877-404-7458. The silver alert is used when a car/person is missing. The family can call in the car description.

Hubby doesn't worry. He didn't think about wills and graves today. I plan to enjoy him and keep him as healthy as possible for as long as possible.
.